Cairo Enums

Cairo Enums usage

Cairo-lang v0.12.0 (includes Cairo v2.0.0) introduces a new type of data that can be exchanged with Starknet: the Enums. Not related to the TypeScript Enums, the Cairo Enums are identical to Rust Enums.
More information in the Cairo book here.
In the following paragraphs, you will see how to send and receive Enums with the Starknet network.

Cairo Option

The Option Enum is a core enum, and has 2 variants (Some and None). Only the some variant can contain data.

Receive Cairo Option

An example of Cairo code that returns an Option enum:

fn test(self: @ContractState, val1: u16) -> Option<Order> {
    if val1 < 100 {
        return Option::None(());
    }
    Option::Some(Order { p1: 18, p2: val1 })
}

In your code, the Starknet.js response will be an instance of the CairoOption class:

import { CairoOption } from 'starknet';
type Order = {
  p1: BigNumberish;
  p2: BigNumberish;
};
const res: CairoOption<Order> = await myTestContract.test(50);
const res2: CairoOption<Order> = await myTestContract.test(150);

In CairoOption<T>, T is the type of the data related to the Some variant.
The CairoOption class has "Cairo like" methods:

const a = res.isSome(); // false
const a2 = res2.isSome(); // true
const b = res.isNone(); // true
const b2 = res2.isNone(); // false
const c = res.unwrap(); // undefined
const c2: Order = res2.unwrap(); // { p1: 18n, p2: 150n }

Send Cairo Option

An example of Cairo code that use an Option enum as input:

fn test5(self: @ContractState, inp: Option<Order>) -> u16 {
    match inp {
        Option::Some(x) => {
            return x.p2;
        },
        Option::None(()) => {
            return 17;
        }
    }
}

In your code, the Starknet.js request is an instance of the CairoOption class:

import { CairoOption, CairoOptionVariant } from 'starknet';
type Order = {
  p1: BigNumberish;
  p2: BigNumberish;
};
const res = (await myTestContract.call('test5', [
  new CairoOption<Order>(CairoOptionVariant.Some, { p1: 20, p2: 40 }),
])) as bigint;
const res2 = (await myTestContract.call('test5', [
  new CairoOption<Order>(CairoOptionVariant.None),
])) as bigint;

Cairo Result

Cairo v2.1.0 introduces another core Enum: Result.
This Enum has 2 variants (Ok and Err) and both variants can contain data.

Receive Cairo Result

An example of Cairo code that returns a Result enum:

fn test(self: @ContractState, val1: u16) -> Result<u16, u16> {
    if val1 < 100 {
        return Result::Err(14);
    }
    Result::Ok(val1)
}

In your code, the Starknet.js response will be an instance of the CairoResult class:

import { CairoResult } from 'starknet';

const res: CairoResult<bigint, bigint> = await myTestContract.test(90);
const res2 = (await myTestContract.call('test', [110])) as CairoResult<bigint, bigint>;

In CairoResult<T, U>, T is the type of the data related to the Ok variant, and U is the type of the data related to the Err variant.
The CairoResult class has "Cairo like" methods:

const a = res.isOk(); // false
const a2 = res2.isOk(); // true
const b = res.isErr(); // true
const b2 = res2.isErr(); // false
const c = res.unwrap(); // 14n
const c2 = res2.unwrap(); // 110n

Send Cairo Result

An example of Cairo code that uses a Result enum:

fn test8(self: @ContractState, inp: Result<Order, u16>) -> u16 {
    match inp {
        Result::Ok(x) => {
            return x.p2;
        },
        Result::Err(y) => {
            return y;
        }
    }
}

In your code, the Starknet.js request is an instance of the CairoResult class:

import { CairoResult, CairoResultVariant } from 'starknet';

const res = (await myTestContract.call('test8', [
  new CairoResult<Order, BigNumberish>(CairoResultVariant.Ok, { p1: 50, p2: 60 }),
])) as bigint;
const res2 = (await myTestContract.call('test8', [
  new CairoResult<Order, BigNumberish>(CairoResultVariant.Err, 50),
])) as bigint;

Cairo custom Enum

In Cairo v2.0.0, you can also create your own customized Enum.

Receive Cairo custom Enum

An example of Cairo code that returns the Result enum:

#[derive(Drop, Serde, Append)]
enum MyEnum {
    Response: Order,
    Warning: felt252,
    Error: (u16,u16),
    Critical: Array<u32>,
    Empty:(),
}
fn test(self: @ContractState, val1: u16) -> MyEnum {
    if val1 < 100 {
        return MyEnum::Error((3,4));
    }
    if val1 == 100 {
        return MyEnum::Warning('attention:100');
    }
    if val1 < 150 {
        let mut arr=ArrayTrait::new();
        arr.append(5);
        arr.append(6);
        return MyEnum::Critical(arr);
    }
    if val1<200 {
        return MyEnum::Empty(());
    }
    MyEnum::Response(Order { p1: 1, p2: val1 })
}

This example Enum has 5 variants (Response, Warning, Error, Critical and Empty) and both variants can contain data.

In your code, the Starknet.js response will be an instance of the CairoCustomEnum class:

import { CairoCustomEnum } from 'starknet';

const res: CairoCustomEnum = await myTestContract.test(10);
const res2: CairoCustomEnum = await myTestContract.test(100);
const res3: CairoCustomEnum = await myTestContract.test(120);
const res4: CairoCustomEnum = await myTestContract.test(190);
const res5: CairoCustomEnum = await myTestContract.test(220);

The CairoCustomEnum class has "Cairo like" methods:

const a = res.activeVariant(); // "Error"
const a2 = res2.activeVariant(); // "Warning"
const a3 = res3.activeVariant(); // "Critical"
const a4 = res4.activeVariant(); // "Response"
const a5 = res5.activeVariant(); // "Empty"
const c = res.unwrap(); // {"0": 3n, "1": 4n}
const c2: bigint = res2.unwrap(); // 7721172739414537047772488609840n
const c3: bigint[] = res3.unwrap(); // [5n, 6n]
const c4: Order = res4.unwrap(); // { p1: 1n, p2: 190n }
const c5: Object = res5.unwrap(); // {}

In a CairoCustomEnum instance, you can also have a direct access to the content of a variant:

const d: Order = res4.variant.Response; // { p1: 1n, p2: 190n }
const e = res4.variant['Critical']; // undefined

Send Cairo custom Enum

An example of Cairo code that uses the Result enum:

#[derive(Drop, Serde, Append)]
enum MyEnum {
    Response: Order,
    Warning: felt252,
    Error: (u16,u16),
    Critical: Array<u32>,
    Empty:(),
}
fn test2a(self: @ContractState, customEnum:MyEnum ) -> u16{
    match customEnum{
        MyEnum::Response(my_order)=>{return my_order.p2;},
        MyEnum::Warning(val)=>{return 0x13_u16;},
        MyEnum::Error((a,b))=>{return b;},
        MyEnum::Critical(myArray)=>{return 0x3c_u16;},
        MyEnum::Empty(_)=>{return 0xab_u16;}
    }
}

In your code, the Starknet.js request is an instance of the CairoCustomEnum class:

import { CairoCustomEnum } from 'starknet';

const orderToSend: Order = { p1: 8, p2: 10 };
const myCustomEnum = new CairoCustomEnum({ Response: orderToSend });
const res14 = (await myTestContract.call('test2a', [myCustomEnum])) as bigint;
const res14c = (await myTestContract.call('test2a', [
  new CairoCustomEnum({ Error: cairo.tuple(100, 110) }),
])) as bigint;
const res14d = (await myTestContract.call('test2a', [
  new CairoCustomEnum({ Critical: ['0x10', '0x11'] }),
])) as bigint;
const res14e = (await myTestContract.call('test2a', [
  new CairoCustomEnum({ Empty: {} }),
])) as bigint;

Take care that if you call a method that do not use the abi (as CallData.compile), you have to list all the variants of the enum, like this:

const orderToSend: Order = { p1: 8, p2: 10 };
const myCustomEnum = new CairoCustomEnum({
  Response: undefined,
  Warning: undefined,
  Error: cairo.tuple(100, 110),
  Critical: undefined,
  Empty: undefined,
});
const myCalldata = CallData.compile(myCustomEnum);
const res = (await myTestContract.call('test2a', myCalldata)) as bigint;